This chart is by no means an exhaustive guide, but it is one that will get you started on how to read a mushroom. How to tell them apart and get a deeper observation. Being able to read a mushroom can vastly change your relationship with the natural environment.
 
This chart is meant to improve you vocabulary through anatomy.
 
There are about 6,500 species of mammals about 11,000 birds, 73,000 trees but more than a 120,000 known species of mushrooms with an estimated 3 million yet to be described. Needless to say, with so much variance mushroom anatomy can confuse the best of us. Through better anatomical reading, you would be able to tell lookalikes apart. Maybe even end up discovering a whole new species.